Landing Door

Elevator have two door, car door and hoistway door. there are sliding door type that is mechanically coupled to the car door when the car is at landing door. Hoiistway and car door are opened and closed in unison by the door operator mounted on the top of car elevator. Both door opened and unlocked by vane located at the car door, the lock type is mechanical and electrical lock switch.

Brake

The most importannt part in elevator is brake. Brake is a pair of shoes that apply equal and opposite pressure to a drum (motor elevator drum), puley or a disc mounted on the motor shaft. Elevator brake is made up of a compressive spring assembly, brake shoes with linings, and a solenoid assembly. When the solenoid is not energized, the spring forces the brake shoes to grip the brake drum and induce a braking torque. The magnet can exert a horizontal force for the break release.To stop and hod the car movements when the power is lost used spring clamp. Spring clamp will push back the shoe brake to making fail safe stops and holds the car when power is lost. In order to improve the stopping ability, a material with a high coefficient of friction is used within the breaks, such as zinc bonded asbestos. A material with too high a coefficient of friction can result in a jerky motion of the car. This material must be chosen carefully.

Roller Guide

Roller, one of elevator part, located on the car lift even in counterweight, four set roller each car elevator and four on counterweight. Each roller guide comprises three rubber tired roller wheels mounted on the stand, two side for front and one for side to side. front roller to front-rear aligment and side roller to side-side aligment.
The roller guide are classified by the diameter of ts wheels, roller have vary diameter.The rolling action of the roller reduces friction and noise and eliminates the guide rails lubrication.
The larger diameter of rollers are the smoother the ride, the selection of roller determined by the speed and duty load of the car.

Controller

An elevator system completed by controller position in the machine room, this controller performs some functions are operational control and motion control.
Operational controller stores the location of calls, reset answered calls, and initiates door operation to open and closes. This function allow to communicates with
passenger even in emergency condition or other condition by signaling that the calls has been received (registered), providing car position information and providing audible and visual indication of elevator direction or when the car travel arrive at the landing position.
This controller powered by three phase alternating current providing by building owner, and providing maiin line disconnect switch located in the near of controller

Machines

Traction elevator are driven by either geared or gearless machine. Geared machine is usually used in medium rise buildings, geared machine comprises a high speed electric motor that drives the hoisting sheave troughh a gear unit.
Gearless machine is used in high rise buildings and provides maximum elevator speed, in which the drive sheave is an integral part of the motor armature.
The rotation output of the motor is transmitted to the elevator by a set of hoist ropes guidded around a grooved pulley or sheave, the car being at one end of the ropes and the counterweight at the other end.
Geared Machines
One of the first advancements inelevator technology was the introduction of worm gears in hoisting maachines. They provide high gear reduction ratios, making it posibble to use smaller, more compact machines to do the job earlier designs. The gear reduction unit sonsist of a horizontal steel worm that drives a bronze gear.
Gearless Machines
This machine design place the drive sheave directly on the motor shaft, this machine is used in high rise building construction that need high speed elevator to run

Ropes and Roping

The wire rope used with traction elevator consist of steel wires tha are twisted into strands are then twisted around a hemp of fober core whiich is impregnated with lubricant.
Traction rope are made special form of mild or hight carbon steel wire toughness, streeght, ductility and wear and fatigue resistance.

Roping
a 1:1 roping arrangement simply connects the car and counterweight together and offers no mechanical advantage. However 2:1 roping allows the same machine to lift twice the load at half the speed

Guide Rail

Guide rail is the important component in elevator system. Elevator Guide Rail ensures to meet your needs for a high qualified elevator guide rail. For most applications, middle, low and specially high speed, your passengers are sure to experience ultimate smooth riding on our products.
Rail Blade, Painting, Straightening and other requirements has been proved by long-term. Installation this part is need hight detail to get hight quality elevator ride performance.
guide rail is way elevator to ride.
So many type of guide rail.

Counterweights

Counterweight include the main system in elevator system, its the key of traction elevator performance. Counterweight consists of a frame, weights and guide shoes or roller guide. The weight can be add or reduce to get the best performance on riding quality. Car and counterweight must be balance, when the car and the counterweight are in midle position of hoistway then adding some weight (about 40-50 percent car capacity) to reach good ride when the car in the full load car capacity. This is verry important methode to get best performance in elevator ride quality.

Car Design

Car is the load carrying unit of the elevator, passenger elevator using passenger car and have sign to be use by human only without materials (huge materials). The freight elevator have sign to be use by human and materials.
The car design have a car platform and crosshead as backbone, this is the important parts in the car. The car streght is define by this component, then platform as the main floor car, the car wall as the wall.
Rubber pad is needed to put below the platform this is to reduce the vibration under the running operation. In high rise and mid rise elevator installation needed load sensor to measure the load in the car, this measurement is needed to determine the torque that must be applied to hoisting machine to give start movement in smooth run.

What is elevator

Here we will describe step by step (in the next post) main componen in elevator, such as :
1. car
2. counterweigt
3. guide rail
4. hoisting rope
5. machine (motor elevator)
6. controller
7. system monitoring
8. support system (governor, rescue device, power stabilizer, electrical panel, safety)
9. elevator shaft (in construction)
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